Probabilistic models are mathematical models that represent uncertain relationships between variables using probability distributions. These models are used in various fields such as statistics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to make predictions, infer causal relationships, and make decisions in the presence of uncertainty. In probabilistic modeling, the goal is to capture the underlying probabilistic structure of a system or process in order to make predictions or inferences. This is often done using graphical models such as Bayesian networks and Markov networks, which represent the dependencies between variables in a system. Probabilistic models are widely used in areas such as natural language processing, image recognition, and reinforcement learning, where uncertainty is inherent in the data and making accurate predictions requires reasoning over multiple possible outcomes. By incorporating uncertainty into the modeling process, probabilistic models provide a more principled and robust framework for decision-making and inference.